General Orders 22 of 1849 mounted an additional battery in each regiment. G, of the Fourth, having been designated for that duty, was sent from Fort Pickens to Jefferson Barracks; and after being there mounted proceeded to Leavenworth and engaged in field duty. It did not remain mounted very long, for in March, 1851, all the light batteries, were dismounted excepting Taylor’s of the First, and Bragg’s of the Third Artillery. While in Florida the companies were kept constantly at work moving through the country. The orders of October 8, 1850, sent the regiment North with headquarters at Fort Columbus, the companies being distributed to that post and Forts Lafayette, Hamilton, Mifflin and Washington. A, C, H and M Companies did not remain long at their new stations, for in June, 1851, they were sent to the coasts of North and South Carolina, only to be sent North again the following June, when headquarters were ordered to Fort Hamilton and a number of the companies to stations on the Lakes, as far as Fort Mackinac.

In 1853 some of the companies again changed station, C and I Companies going to Fort Independence, Massachusetts, while D and M, less fortunate, were sent to the Rio Grande. General Walbach established regimental headquarters at Baltimore, October 1, 1853, the regimental quartermaster and band remaining at Fort Hamilton. In May, 1855, G Battery was ordered to prepare for the field as a mountain-howitzer battery, and was so exercised on two occasions; but after firing a few rounds of ammunition at practice, the matériel was so much injured by the cracking of axles, etc., that the scheme had to be abandoned. The battery subsequently joined in the Sioux expedition, mounted on the battery horses and armed with long range rifles, and September 3, 1855, was engaged under Captain Howe in the battle of Blue Water against the Brulé Indians, being the only one of the four mounted companies that attacked the enemy on the heights on foot, losing two men in the fight but killing and capturing a number of the Indians. October 10^th, it encountered a band of Indians and captured five, and subsequently took station at Fort Laramie.

The first part of the following year it operated as cavalry under Cooke, but in August it proceeded to Fort Leavenworth, resumed its guns and participated in the Kansas troubles. It was dismounted under G. O. 9 of 1856, which permitted only one battery to each regiment, and was sent to Fortress Monroe in December to form part of the artillery school.

In the fall of 1856, the regiment was again sent to Florida, the field and staff arriving at Fort Brooke, December 13^th. All the companies, excepting B and G were that winter in Florida, having been drawn from Fort Mackinac on the north and Fort Brown on the south, “in order to carry on a vigorous campaign against the Seminoles, who have within the year given evidences of their hostility.”

Light Battery B had already been sent from Texas to Jefferson Barracks, and in March, 1857 joined at Fort Leavenworth to form part of Harney’s Utah expedition. It there received the horses of G Company, recently dismounted, its own having been turned in at New Orleans.

The regiment was very actively engaged in hunting Indians while in Florida, and suffered great hardships in some of its expeditions through the swamps. The only casualty reported was the wounding of Pvt. King of M Company, in an engagement at Big Cypress, March 13, 1857.

General Walbach died June 10, 1857, at the advanced age of ninety-three years, and Francis S. Belton was made colonel of the regiment. The operations in Florida were prosecuted with good promise of a successful termination of the campaign, but the War Department concluding that its services were needed in Kansas, all the regiment was sent to that Territory in the fall of the year 1857, and soon after distributed through Utah and Nebraska. The field staff and band and Companies A and I took station at Fort Laramie, in August, 1858; Company C and Light Battery B went to Salt Lake, D and E to Platte Ridge, F, H and K to Fort Kearney, and L and M to Cheyenne Pass.

The following summer headquarters and companies E, H, I, L and M were sent to Fort Randall, Dakota, A, to Salt Lake, and F and K to Fort Ridgely, Minn. The privates of D Company were transferred to other companies of the regiment, and the officers and non-commissioned officers proceeded to Fortress Monroe, where the company was reorganized and took station. During the trouble at Harper’s Ferry, in the fall of 1859, G and part of D Company were sent to that place and remained there several weeks in November. In 1860, the companies in Utah were kept busy protecting the parties of emigrants going West, and keeping open the mail routes. Light Battery B, operating as cavalry, marched during that summer 2000 miles over a barren and desert country, and though the Indians were continually hostile, the roads were kept open. The battery had a successful fight against 200 Indians at Eagan’s Canyon, August, 11, 1860, losing three men wounded (one mortally). August 10^th, Sergeant Bishop, commanding a small detachment of the battery, was attacked and forced to withdraw to Deep Creek, where in a fight with a party of Indians, September 6^th, he was wounded. All the companies on the plains were kept busy scouting that summer. L Company was sent from Fort Randall to Fortress Monroe that year, exchanging with Company G.

In the War of the Rebellion the active service of the batteries (the term by which we shall hereafter designate the units of the regiment) was so continuous and they were so separated that it is simply impossible, in a short magazine article, to attempt more than a general indication of the work performed by them. The outbreak of the War soon brought the regiment in from the plains. Regimental headquarters took station at Fort McHenry, but were subsequently sent to Fort Washington. Colonel Belton was retired August 28, 1861, and Charles S. Merchant became colonel of the regiment. He was retired August 1, 1863, and Horace Brooks was made colonel.

We will now give, in alphabetical order, the services of the batteries during the War.

BATTERY A.—Batteries A and C were united at Washington, D. C., in October, 1861, made a light battery (4 10-pdr. Parrotts) and attached to Sumner’s Division in December. In March, 1862, its armament was changed to 6 12-pdr. guns, and it was assigned to Richardson’s Division of the Second Corps.

It was first engaged with the enemy at Rappahannock Station April 28, 1862, being with Howard’s Brigade; and in the ensuing campaign against Richmond it did its full share of hard work. It fought well at Fair Oaks June 1^st; and, forming part of the rear guard of the Army, was heavily engaged at Allen’s Farm and Savage Station June 29^th, and at White Oak Swamp June 30^th (Capt. G. W. Hazzard of C being mortally, and Lieut. A. Morris slightly wounded), and was in reserve at Malvern Hill the following day.

With Sumner on the right flank of the Army at Antietam it fought desperately, and in the language of its corps commander, rendered “ distinguished service.” It was next engaged at Charlestown, W. Va., October 16, 1862. Two days later the batteries (A-C) were separated at Harper’s Ferry.

A Battery obtained seventy men from the 4^th Ohio, proceeded to Washington to refit, obtained 6 3-in. rifles, and rejoined the Second Corps.

It was near the right of Hays’ Division of Artillery when Fredericksburg was bombarded, and afterwards crossed the river and was in the fight of December 14^th. It afterwards formed part of the artillery reserve of the Second Corps; and though present and occupying several positions at Chancellorsville, it was not regularly engaged. After that it became part of the artillery brigade of the Second Corps, and was engaged with the enemy at Haymarket May 28, 1863.

On the afternoon Of July 2, 1863, it was put in position just on the right of Webb’s Brigade of the Second Division, and fought hard and well; and when, the following afternoon, this point became the objective of the opposing forces, and Pickett’s men pushed forward to the stone wall, Battery A of the Fourth Artillery, just in rear of the wall, though hard hit itself, poured withering fire into the advancing ranks. The battery may well be proud of its magnificent record in the battle of Gettysburg, and Lieut. Alonzo H. Cushing, killed in Pickett’s charge, has left a name for gallantry that cannot be excelled.

Cushing and Milne (1^st R. I. A. attached) killed, Canby wounded, thirty-eight men killed and wounded, three limbers blown up, carriages and guns broken and injured, and sixty-five horses killed and wounded bear witness to the fact that A Battery was engaged at Gettysburg. What remained of it was attached after the battle to I Battery of the 1^st Artillery, but was separated from it July 16^th, made a horse battery (2 3-in. rifles and 2 12-pdr. Napoleons), assigned to the First Brigade of Horse Artillery, and remained with it until dismounted in June, 1864.

Its service while a horse battery was with the cavalry, and it fought at Sulphur Springs September 11^th and 12^th, at Bristoe Station October 14^th, and at Parker’s Store November 29, 1863.

In Grant’s Wilderness campaign, in the spring of 1864, it was engaged at Todd’s Tavern May 5^th, at Tiney Woods May 6^th, again at Todd’s Tavern May 7^th, and at Pine Run May 8^th.

Starting on Sheridan’s raid May 9^th, it fought at Ground Squirrel Church May 10^th, before Richmond May 11^th, at Mechanicsville May 12^th, and at Salem Church and Harrison’s Store May 28^th. It reached Harrison’s Landing June 3d, and was there dismounted. It was sent the next day to Washington, equipped as a light battery, and remained in the defenses of Washington from that time until the close of the War.

BATTERY B.—B Battery was a light battery throughout the War. It was armed with six 12-pdrs. until May, 1864, when two of the guns were turned in, and it thereafter served as a four-gun battery. It reached Washington in October, 1861, obtained its new armament, and was assigned to M’Dowell’s Division the following month. When Pope’s army was organized in June, 1862, it was assigned to the 4^th (Gibbon’s) Brigade of the 1^st (King’s) Division of the 3d (M’Dowell’s) Corps.

It was first opposed to the enemy at Orange Court House July 26, 1862, was under fire at Cedar Mountain August 17^th-19^th, engaged in the defense of the Rappahannock at Rappahannock Station August 21^St-23d, in action at Sulphur Springs August 25^th-26^th, fought hard at Gainesville August 28^th, and at the second battle of Bull Run August 29^th-30^th.

When McClellan resumed command of the Army King’s Division was assigned to the 1^st (Hooker’s) Corps. The battery, still with Gibbon, fought gallantly at South Mountain September 14^th, and in the battle of Antietam September 17^th, when Hooker was directed to turn the left flank of the enemy, B Battery was in the thickest of the fight, and though subjected to a murderous fire at short range dealt desperate and effective blows in return. Lieut. J. B. Campbell wounded, thirty-nine men and thirty-three horses killed and wounded are indicative of the position of the battery in that battle. At Fredericksburg, with Doubleday’s Division of the 1^st Corps, it crossed the river and was engaged in the battle from the 13^th to the 15^th of December, 1862, and won the highest encomiums from its corps commander, John F. Reynolds. After the battle it became part of the artillery brigade of its division. It was engaged at Fitzhugh’s Crossing April 26, 1863, and was next under fire at Chancellorsville May 4^th, 5^th and 6^th.

After that the artillery of the corps was consolidated and it became part of the artillery brigade of the 1^st Corps. It went into action at Gettysburg on the afternoon of July 1^st, and was severely engaged, barely escaping capture, and finally fell back to Cemetery Hill. The next day it was hard at work under a very heavy fire, and continuing in position, had the same experience July 3d. Lieuts. James Stewart and James Davison (5^th Art, attached) wounded, and thirty-two men and thirty-two horses killed, wounded and missing, one caisson blown up, three broken down, and two guns placed hors de combat are indicative of the positions occupied by “Jock” Stewart’s Battery on the field of Gettysburg. The battery was engaged at Funkstown July 11^th, at Warrenton July 23d; and at Haymarket October 19^th, and Mine Run Nov. 30^th it was in position.

It fought in the Wilderness in May, 1864, being engaged at Spottsylvania Court House May 12^th, Po River May 20^th, North Anna May 23d, and Tolopotomy Creek May 25^th. It was in position June 1-4^th at Bethesda Church, losing heavily in the fighting on the third and fourth days. In position at White House June 15^th, and engaged all day in the fighting before Petersburg on June 18^th, and remained in that vicinity the rest of the year. It was engaged in a fight at Hatchers Run October 28, 1864, fought well at Gravelly Run March 29, 1865, where Lieut. John Mitchell was wounded, and ended its fighting in the Civil War at Quaker Road March 30, 1865. Its war record is magnificent, excelled by none, and only equalled by that of Battery K.

BATTERY C.—C Battery had to its record, when separated from Battery A in October, 1862, the various engagements indicated in the record given above of Battery A. Its captain, G. W. Hazzard, was mortally wounded at White Oak Swamp. When A and C batteries were separated, the horses, guns and equipments were turned over to C Battery, which remained with Hancock’s division of the Second Corps. It crossed the river with the Irish Brigade December 12, 1862, was placed in position opposite Marye’s Heights the following day, and during the battle of Fredericksburg, when the infantry struggled so hard to carry the Heights, C Battery did all that it could to assist its sister arm. It next fought at Chancellorsville May 2-3, 1863, where part of the battery was with Hancock and Geary, and when the Third Corps was forced back on Sunday morning the half of C Battery at the Salient Angle, subjected to a terrific fire, poured canister into the enemy not sixty yards distant. The struggle was desperate, Lieutenant O’Donohoe (attached) was killed, and the intrepid Field voluntarily remained with Geary and did good work long after he had been ordered out of action.

The battery was afterwards assigned to Ransom’s (First Regular) Brigade of the Reserve Artillery. It was sent forward July 2d to the line of battle at Gettysburg, just to the left of the Second Corps, and on that and the following day was well fought by Evan Thomas, losing Lieut. John M’Gilvray wounded, and seventeen men and twenty-nine horses killed and wounded. In August it was reduced to a four-gun battery (12-pdr. Napoleons), and during October operated with the Third Division of the Sixth Corps. It was regularly assigned to that corps October 16^th, and fought at Mine Run November 30, 1863.

It was united with E Battery as a horse battery April 11, 1864 (2 3-in., 2 12-pdrs.) and they remained so united until after the close of the War.

This united battery was at once assigned to the first brigade of horse artillery, and during the spring campaign of 1864 was attached to the third division (Wilson’s) of the cavalry corps, and was engaged at Craig’s Chapel and Todd’s Tavern May 5^th; at Spottsylvania Court House May 8^th; and, participating in Sheridan’s raid, fought at Meadow Bridge May 12^th, and at Mechanicsville, May 14^th, losing five men and twenty-two horses. Continuing with the cavalry corps it was engaged at White Oak Swamp June 3d, also at Riddell’s House the same day. Starting on Wilson’s raid June 22d, it fought at Nottoway Court House June 23d, Roanoke Station June 25^th, Stoney Creek Station June 28^th, and June 29^th at Ream’s Station, where Wilson ran into the Confederate infantry, and after some severe fighting the battery was captured. The guns were spiked, the carriages destroyed, and the men mounted on the battery horses with pistols and sabres picked up on the road, fought their way out, and rejoined the horse artillery brigade the following day, after having lost several men wounded and eighteen captured. It was at once re-equipped as a horse battery, receiving the same armament as before.

It went with Wilson’s cavalry division to operate under Sheridan in the Shenandoah, and was engaged at Winchester August 17^th; Summit Point August 21^st; Kernsville August 25^th Berryville September 5^th; after which it joined the reserve at Pleasant Valley. October 25^th, with a brigade of the 19^th Corps, it was successful in repulsing the attempt of Mosby to capture the paymaster’s train at Bunker Hill, and joining Sheridan the following day was assigned to the second brigade of the first cavalry division.

The half battery of rifled guns formed part of Sheridan’s command; when he made his raid that began February 27, 1865, and this part of the battery did good work in the fights that occurred at Waynesboro March 2d; Dinwiddie Court House March 31^st; Five Forks April 1^st; Scott’s Cross Roads, Sutherland Station, and Brown’s Cross Roads April 2d; Nelson’s Farm and Sailor’s Creek April 6^th; Appomattox April 8^th; and on the following day formed part of the fighting line that barred Lee’s way and forced the surrender of the Army of Northern Virginia.

BATTERY D.—D Battery was mounted as a light battery in February, 1862, (6 12-pdr, guns) and remained a light battery throughout the War. A detachment of it was at Big Bethel June 10^th, and at Fort Hatteras August 28, 1861.

The battery formed part of Wool’s force for the capture of Norfolk in May, 1862, and the following September was sent to Suffolk, where it remained with the troops under General Peck, forming part of the first division of the 7^th Corps; and was sent on various expeditions while serving in that vicinity. The right section (platoon is the name now given to what was then designated a section), under Lieutenant Whitney, was engaged at Franklin, Va., October 4^th, and the entire battery having marched 50 miles in 30 hours, was in action at the same place October 31^st. It was next engaged when General Corcoran had his fight at Deserted House January 29, 1863 and again the same afternoon, ten miles from Suffolk, losing in the latter fight eleven men killed and wounded. April 24^th the left section was in action at Edenton Road under General Peck, and from April 10^th to May 30^th, the battery was engaged in the siege of Suffolk. It was also in action May 24^th while engaged under General Corcoran in destroying the Petersburg R. R.

It fought at Franklin, Va., June 18^th, and at Windsor June 22d, being part of the first division of the 7^th Corps. When the 18^th Corps was organized in April, 1864, to play its part in Grant’s campaign against Richmond, the battery belonged to the artillery brigade of the Second (Weitzel’s) Division, and moved to Bermuda Hundred in May. The right and left sections were, with the first division of the 18^th Corps, engaged against the enemy at Point of Rocks May 7^th, and the right section had several men wounded in the fight near Petersburg May 9^th. The centre and left sections were heavily engaged with severe loss at Fort Darling May 14^th, the entire battery at the same place two days later, and in front of Petersburg June 15^th, 16^th and 17^th. The left and centre sections were engaged at Deep Bottom July 26^th. The battery forming part of the artillery brigade of the 10^th Corps participated in the siege of Petersburg, being daily engaged from August 26^th to September 24^th, 1864, and also fought at Laurel Hill September 29^th, and at New Market Road October 7^th of that year. It remained in front of Petersburg until December, when it is reported as in front of Richmond, where it remained until April 3d, when it marched through the city that had been so long the capital of the Confederacy.

BATTERY E.—Battery E, armed with 6 10-pdr. Parrott’s, was mounted as a light battery at Camp Monroe, Ohio, in August, 1861, and joined Rosecrans’ army in West Virginia. In December it was sent to General Kelly at Romney, and a section was with Dunning in his little fight near Blue Gap, January 7, 1863. The battery now belonged to Landers’ Division, which afterwards became the second (Shields’) division of the 5^th (Banks’) Corps in the organization of March, 1862. Four guns of the battery were in the skirmishes at Middletown and Cedar Creek March 18^th, and the entire battery, with Kimball’s Brigade, fought at the battle of Winchester March 23d, and was in the skirmish at Mount Jackson April 17, 1862.

May 1^st, Shields’ Division was transferred to M’Dowell’s department. One section of the battery was engaged at Front Royal May 31^st, and June 9^th the entire battery was heavily engaged at Port Republic where, after a desperate resistance, it lost three guns and two caissons. One of the guns it had the satisfaction of recapturing during the battle. The lost guns were not replaced; but in July the battery was made a horse battery, retaining its four Parrott guns. When the 1^st, 2d and 3d Corps were organized in June, 1862, the battery remained with M’Dowell, being reported as unattached; but in August it was assigned to Reno’s Division of the 9^th Corps, and was engaged in the defense of the Rappahannock August 15-26^th.

Temporarily attached to Hooker’s Division it was engaged at Broad Run August 27^th. Then rejoining Reno it fought at the battle of Second Bull Run August 29^th and 30^th, where it “behaved nobly,” and was in action at Chantilly September 1^st. In the reorganization of the Army it became part of Sturgis’ (2d) Division of the 9^th Corps, and did good fighting at South Mountain September 14^th. It participated in the battle of Antietam September 17^th, where Lieut. E. L. Baker was killed, and Capt. J. C. Clark was four times wounded. The battery being without officers, General Hunt selected Lieut. Geo. W. Dickenson, 4^th Artillery, to reorganize the battery after the battle and prepare it for field service. Temporarily with Hancock’s Division, it was in the fight at Charlestown, W. Va., October 16, 1862. It formed part of the grand battery opposite Fredericksburg, then crossed the river with its division (Sturgis’) on the morning of December 12^th, and was heavily engaged on the following day, when it was subjected to a terrific fire. In less than twenty minutes “the gallant Dickenson fell gloriously at his post,” while twelve of the cannoneers were killed and wounded, and all the men were twice driven from their guns.

In March, 1863, it was assigned to the first brigade of horse artillery. After Fredericksburg “Sam” Elder was placed in command of the battery and retained it until the following November when he joined his own regiment. It fought at Kelly’s Ford April 14, 1863, while on Stoneman’s Raid, and after returning from the raid the Parrott guns were turned in and replaced by four 3-inch rifles. The battery was next engaged at Beverly Ford June 14^th, with Buford, and next with Kilpatrick’s division at Hanover June 30^th; in the Battle of Gettysburg July 1^st, 2d and 3d; at Smithsburg July 5^th; at Hagerstown July 6^th; at Boonsboro July 8^th; at Funkstown July 10^th; again at Hagerstown July 11^th; at Port Conway September 3d; at Brandy Station October 10^th and 11^th; at Buckland Mills October 13^th; fought again the next day, and again near Buckland’s Mills October 19^th. October 27^th and 28^th it was in action while engaged in guarding Raccoon Ford, and in December went into winter quarters with its brigade of horse artillery. A new armament of 3-inch guns was obtained in March, 1864, but on the 11^th of April C and E batteries were consolidated and made a horse battery (two 3-inch rifles and two 12-pounder guns) and the war record of E battery from that time on has already been given in the record of Battery C.

BATTERY F.—Battery F arrived in Washington from the West on the 18^th of April, 1861, after having had a number of its men injured from stones, etc., thrown by the mob while passing through Baltimore. It was sent to Carlisle in June and there equipped as a light battery (four 6-pounder guns and two 12-pounder howitzers) and formed part of Patterson’s command, the sections being distributed to the different brigades. The battery was first engaged at Falling Waters July 2d, 1861; July 8^th it is reported as attached to Stone’s brigade.

In the organization of the Army, October 15, 1861, it was assigned to Banks’ division, of which it then formed part, and was engaged for several days in December in defending dams Nos. 4 and 5. In the reorganization of March, 1862, it was assigned to to [sic] the First (Williams’) Division of the Fifth (Banks’) Corps. One section was in action at Newton May 24^th, and the entire battery fought in the battle of Winchester the following day. In June, 1862, the armament was changed to six 12-pounder Napoleon guns. When Pope’s army was formed Banks’ corps became the Second Corps. At Cedar Mountain the battery fought hard and well, suffering severely and losing, by an accident, one gun in the retreat. After Pope’s campaign Banks’ corps was made the 12^th Corps (General Mansfield’s) which, after Antietam, became Slocum’s. The battery was, in the reorganization, taken from the division to form part of the artillery brigade of the corps, and was held in reserve at Antietam and not engaged during, the battle.

It was at Chancellorsville that it covered itself with glory, being engaged May 1^st, 2d and 3d. Lieut. E. D. Muhlenberg, with his guns at the angle near Geary, did work of which the battery may well feel proud, for with “courage, coolness and indomitable bravery-he contended against the fearful odds before him until every gunner was killed or wounded at his post, seven horses killed and his ammunition exhausted.” Lieutenant F. B. Crosby, a most gallant and efficient officer of the battery, was killed on the 3d.

We next find the battery engaged at Gettysburg, when July 2d it was in action near Culp’s Hill, and on the following day, placed about the centre of the line of the 12^th Corps, it rendered valuable service by its work against the enemy. That ended the fighting of F Battery for the War. It went West with the 12^th Corps that fall, and in the spring of 1864 was sent to Nashville to form part of the first division of the reserve artillery of the Army of the Cumberland. In October, 1864, it was dismounted, the privates assigned to M Battery, and the officers and non-commissioned officers sent east to recruit. It was not remounted nor did it again rejoin the forces in the field.

BATTERY G.—Early in June, 1862, Battery G was equipped as a light battery 4 6-pdr. guns and 2 12-pdr. howitzers) at Cincinnati, and joined McClellan in West Virginia, being present at the fight at Rich Mountain July 11^th. On the 25^th of July it was assigned to the Third (McCook’s) Brigade by Rosecrans, and subsequently joining the First (Reynolds’) Brigade, it fought well at Green Briar River October 3d, losing six men killed and wounded. In December it joined the Army of the Potomac as part of the reserve artillery, and received a new armament of 6 12-pdr. Napoleon guns.

It participated in the Peninsular campaign, being actively engaged in the siege of Yorktown. After that it was attached to the Second (Slocum’s) Division of the Second (Franklin’s) Corps, and a month later joined Getty’s Brigade of Reserve Artillery. June 28, 1862, it joined Naglee (of Peck’s Division of the Fourth Corps), who was left behind to hold Jackson in check, and was that afternoon engaged in the fight at Bottom’s Bridge. It was on the line of battle and slightly engaged on several occasions during the retreat, serving with Peck, and also Smith’s Division of the Sixth Corps, after which it returned to the artillery reserve. It next appeared with Sykes’ Division at Antietam, and while the battle was going on was sent to Burnside; but it practically did nothing in that battle.

At Fredericksburg it belonged to the right centre division of the reserve artillery, was placed just to the left of the Lacy House December 10^th, and the next day was engaged and did well in covering the crossing of the troops. It was next in action near Falmouth May 3-4, 1863, and the month after was assigned to the Artillery Brigade of the Eleventh Corps. July 1^st, with the First (Barlow’s) Division of its Corps, it was severely engaged at Gettysburg, losing its commander, Lieut. Bayard Wilkeson, “an officer of great gallantry.” That night it was placed in position on Cemetery Hill, where, under Lieut. E. A. Bancroft, it did heavy fighting July 2d and 3d, losing thirteen men and twenty-four horses killed and wounded. It participated in the movements of the Army of the Potomac until that fall, when it was sent West with its corps; fought at Chattanooga October 22d, 23d and 24^th, and engaged in the pursuit of the enemy on the 26^th and 27^th. The matériel of the battery was turned over in February, 1864, to the First Ohio, the officers and men of the battery being sent to Nashville, where in April four guns (4 12-pdr, Napoleons) were given to it, and in June a full complement of horses was obtained. The battery was dismounted in the following October, the privates transferred to Battery I, and the officers and non-commissioned officers sent to New York to recruit. Its field service in the War of the Rebellion was over, but in February, 1865, it was remounted as a light battery at Washington, D. C.

BATTERY H.—H and M Batteries arrived at Louisville, Ky., in January, 1862, from the West, February 1^st they were united, mounted as a light battery (2 3-in. and 2 12-pdrs.), and assigned to Crittenden’s Division. that formed part of Buell’s command.

At the battle of Shiloh, April 7^th, this battery went into action near the left of Nelson’s line and did magnificent work, and later in the day, with the 14^th Brigade, it added lustre to its record. In the reorganization in May, 1862, it was assigned to Nelson’s Division and was engaged in the siege of Corinth; and while in the trenches at that place received two more guns (3-in. rifles). It moved out of the trenches with the 22d Brigade on the 28^th of May and seized the bridge at Bridge Creek, where it had a heavy fight.

One section was with Jackson’s Cavalry, when he had his fight at Tuscumbia Creek, May 31^st. June 2d the armament was again increased by the addition of 2 12-pdr. howitzers. The battery was at the battle of Perryville, October 8^th, but not engaged. When Rosecrans assumed command in October, 1862, it was attached to the Third (Grose’s) Brigade of the First (Smith’s) Division of Crittenden’s Corps, and at the battle of Stone River, December 29 and 31, 1862, and January 2, 1863, it was heavily engaged. A few days after that battle the batteries were separated, H retaining the four 12-pdr. howitzers and M the 3-in. rifles. H Battery remained with Grose’s Brigade and fought at Chickamauga, September 19^th and 20^th, where Lieutenant Robert Floyd (3d Art. attached) was mortally wounded, twenty men and twenty-five horses killed and wounded, and one gun lost. In this battle the battery, under Lieutenant H. C. Cushing, did magnificent fighting and fully earned the high praise bestowed on it.

February 24 and 2 5, 1864, it was engaged against the enemy at Buzzard’s Roost Gap. The following month it was relieved from duty with Grose’s Brigade, sent to Nashville to form part of the reserve artillery, and was there dismounted in October, 1864, the privates being transferred to Battery I, and the officers and non-commissioned officers sent east to recruit. It was then sent to Washington where it was remounted as a light battery, in March, 1865, but its war service was over.

BATTERY I.—In June, 1861, Battery I joined McClellan’s headquarters in West Virginia, and was present at Rich Mountain, July 11^th-12^th. July 22d, it was mounted as a light battery (4 mountain howitzers) and three days later was assigned by Rosecrans to the Second Brigade. That fall, with different brigades, it was engaged in several minor actions, viz.: Carnifex Ferry September 13^th; New River November 5^th; again at New River November 11^th, and the following day used two 10-pdr. Parrott’s (recently added to its armament) at the same place. Leaving its howitzers in West Virginia, the battery joined Buell’s forces in Kentucky in December, there received 4 6-pdrs. (two of which belonged to the 4^th Michigan) and was assigned to Thomas’ Division, which subsequently became T. W. Sherman’s. The battery was engaged in the siege of Corinth, in May, 1862, and joined in the pursuit of the enemy after the evacuation of the town. In August it was regularly assigned to the Third (Steedman’s) Brigade of the Third (Thomas’) Division, which was then under command of General Schoeppe and participated in the manoeuvres against Bragg. After that the section of the 4^th Michigan was relieved and the armament of the battery became 2 6-pdr. guns and 2 10-pdr. Parrott’s.

The Third Division passed into Gilbert’s Corps, and was engaged near Springfield, October 4^th, and at Perryville, October 8, 1862. When Rosecrans took command and reorganized the army the battery became part of the Third (Steedman’s) Brigade of the First (S. S. Fry’s) Division of the Fourteenth (Rosecrans’) Corps, October 24, 1862. In February, 1863, its armament was changed to 4 12-pdr. guns. It skirmished with the Confederate Cavalry near Chapel Hill March 3d and near Harpeth River March 8^th, and was sent several times during that month to the Harpeth River to prevent the enemy from crossing. It participated in the Tullahoma campaign, and on the morning of September 19, 1863, opened fire at Chickamauga, where it was heavily engaged on that and the following day, losing Lieutenant N. Redmond wounded, twenty-three men and nineteen horses killed and wounded, one limber blown up and the battery wagon captured. This was the heaviest and most brilliant work of the battery in the War, and the clear judgment of Lieutenant F. G. Smith, in holding it at Snodgrass Hill, after Negley’s withdrawal, which subsequently became the key point for the artillery that turned the tide of battle, enhances the value of the work well done.

While at Chattanooga the battery, with the other troops, suffered for lack of supplies and most of the horses died of starvation while standing at the picket line; so that when it moved out in November it had only some thirty nearly starved horses and a few mules to draw the guns and caissons.

At the battle of Chattanooga, November 23, 1863, it was put on duty with the Second (Sheridan’s) Division of the Fourth Corps and was engaged near Bushy Knob on that and the following day. It joined, with its own division, in the pursuit on the 26^th, but the horses were in such poor condition that it had to be sent back to Chattanooga, where it was dismounted in March, 1864, and sent to Nashville to form part of the garrison artillery. In October it was filled up by the transfer of the privates from G and H Batteries, obtained the four 12-pdr. guns from H Battery, and was regularly mounted as a horse battery. It was assigned to Johnson’s Division of Cavalry, and in the following month to Wilson’s command of Cavalry. It was engaged against the enemy at Charlotte’s Pike December 15, 1864, and at Pulaski ten days later, where, owing to the loss of seventeen horses and lack of support, one gun was lost.

When Wilson prepared for his raid through Alabama in the spring of 1865, the battery under Lieut. G. B. Rodney, with eight horses to each of its four 12-pdr. Napoleons, formed part of Upton’s Division. It skirmished with the enemy at Jasper March 26^th, fought near Montevallo March 31^st, was present at Ebenezer Church April 1^st, engaged at Selma April 2d; and April 16^th did its last fighting in the War at Columbia.

BATTERY K.—In August, 1861, Battery K was sent to Washington, mounted as a light battery (2 20-pdr. Parrott’s and 2 12-pdr. howitzers), and in the organization in October was assigned to the Reserve Artillery. In December its armament was changed to 6 12-pdr. Napoleon guns. It remained a light battery throughout the War, retaining its six guns until May, 1864, when two of them were turned in, under the order reducing the batteries to four guns each.

It participated in the Peninsular campaign, being engaged at Yorktown April 28, 1862. June 2d it was assigned to the Third (Heintzelman’s) Corps, and fought at Fair Oaks June 25^th, at Ropers’ Church June 30^th, at Malvern Hill July 1^st, and again at the same place August 6^th. It did not reach Second Bull Run in time to participate in the battle, but was engaged at Chantilly September 1^st.

When Burnside took command of the Army it was assigned to the Second (Sickles’) Division of the Third (Hooker’s) Corps, having been previously part of the reserve/ artillery of the corps. It was engaged in the bombardment of Fredericksburg December 11^th and 12^th, forming part of Tompkins’ Division of Artillery; then joining Franklin’s troops on the following day, it did excellent service against the right flank of the enemy.

May 3d it fought at Chancellorsville, losing Lieut. I. Arnold (Ord. Dept. attached), wounded, and 44 men and 59 horses killed and wounded. It was in this battle, on the height at Fairview, at the extreme left of the crest, while under the most terrific fire, that K Battery won the admiration of all who beheld it, and its record at Chancellorsville under Lieut. F. W. Seeley, that prince of battery commanders, must always form one of the brightest pages in the history of our light artillery. Its work may be equalled but it cannot be surpassed.

After the battle it became part of the corps artillery, was assigned to Humphreys’ Division of the 3d Corps for the battle of Gettysburg, and July 2d and 3d did work that, in the language of that magnificent soldier, Humphreys, “excited my admiration as well as that of every officer who beheld it.” Lieutenant Seeley was severely wounded and 24 men and 28 horses were killed, wounded and missing. The Battery was next engaged at Union Mills October 18^th, and at Mine Run November 30, 1863. In April, 1864, when several of the Army corps were consolidated, the Battery was assigned to the artillery brigade of the 2d Corps, and during the succeeding campaigns of the War, under command of Lieut. J. W. Roder, its hard fighting added to the magnificent reputation it had already acquired. In the Wilderness campaign it was engaged at Spottsylvania Heights May 10^th, 12^th, 16^th and 18^th; near North Anna May 22d, 24^th, 25^th and 26^th.; at Sheridan’s Farm May 30^th and 31^st, at Cold Harbor June 3d, 4^th, 5^th and 12^th; near Petersburg June 16^th, 17^th, 19^th, 20^th and 26^th; at Deep Bottom August 16^th, and Boydton Plank Road October 27, 1864.

The right section was engaged at Hatcher’s Run, February 7, 8, 1865. and the Battery participating with its corps in the final campaign against Lee, was in action near Hatcher’s Run March 22d, in the vicinity of Fort Cummings March 25^th, at Hatcher’s Run April 1^st and 2d, at Sailor’s Creek April 6^th, and had the satisfaction of being at Appomattox Court House on the 9^th of April when the Army of Northern Virginia laid down its arms.

BATTERY L.—Battery L was mounted as a light battery at Fortress Monroe, in July, 1861 (6 12-pdr. Napoleons), and remained so mounted throughout the War. Its first engagement was March 8, 1862, when, from its position at Newport News, it was in action against the famous Merrimac.

It was sent to Suffolk in July to form part of General Mansfield’s force, and remained in that vicinity until the organization of the Army of the James, when it joined that army and participated in its operations. When the 7^th Corps was formed, in September, 1862, the Battery became part of Peck’s Division of that Corps. It was attached to Ferry’s Brigade in the operations that fall, and fought at Blackwater October 26^th, and at Joiner’s Ford December 13^th of that year.

Getty’s Division of the 9^th Corps became the 2d Division of the 7^th Corps in March, 1863, and the battery was attached to it. It participated in the siege of Suffolk, which lasted from April 10^th until May 3d, and also fought near Suffolk May 3d; near Franklin May 16^th, and was again in action a few days later, when it assisted in the destruction of the Petersburg railroad. In July, 1863, it was sent with Sear’s Brigade of Cavalry on a raid into North Carolina, and was engaged against the enemy’s entrenched position near Jackson, on the 28^th of that month; after which it proceeded to Winston and embarked for Portsmouth, Va. About this time the 7^th Corps was discontinued and the battery was sent to Yorktown in October to form part of General Wistar’s command, which in the reorganization of April, 1864, passed into the 2d Division of the 18^th Corps, the Battery becoming part of the artillery brigade of its division. A few weeks after, all the batteries of the corps were formed into a brigade of corps artillery.

The Battery moved to Bermuda Hundred with Butler’s forces and under General Heckman, was engaged at Valley Farm, May 6, 1864, and at Walthall Junction the following day. It fought within two miles of Petersburg, May 10^th, at Proctor’s Creek May 13^th, and on the following day was engaged for five hours against an entrenched battery. When Grant detached four divisions from the Tenth and Eighteenth Corps at Bermuda Hundred, the latter part of May, 1864, and brought them around by steamer to White House to operate with the Army of the Potomac, L Battery accompanied Heckman’s division. While engaged in this movement Lieut. J. S. Hunt (who had relieved Captain R. V. W. Howard of command of the battery the previous September) fell from the steamer the night of May 28^th and was drowned. Lieut. H. B. Beecher then took command of the Battery and retained it until the close of the War. The Battery participated in the fighting at Gaines’ Farm June 1^st, when an attempt was made to force the passage of the Chickahominy, and two days later fought in the battle of Cold Harbor, where Lieut. S. L. Hubbard (2d Mass. Vols. attached) was wounded and 5 men and 14 horses were killed and wounded.

After serving on picket duty on alternate days from the 5^th to the 12^th of June, it returned to the Army of the James and was engaged in the siege of Petersburg from June 17^th until August 28^th, in which Lieutenant Beecher and the Battery were highly distinguished. It was in the trenches from the 22d to the 30^th of June, from the 1^st to the 11^th of August (when it was partially engaged day and night), and again from the 14^th to the 27^th of the same month-during which operations it suffered some loss in both men and horses. August 28^th it crossed the Chickahominy, moved to Hatcher’s Run, went immediately on picket duty, and was engaged in the trenches before Richmond until the 5^th of the following February, when it was relieved from its position and moved to Signal Hill. When the Twenty-fourth Corps was organized the previous December from troops of the Tenth and Eighteenth Corps, the Battery became part of the artillery brigade of that corps and served with it in the operations around Richmond.

BATTERY M.—The story of M Battery in the Civil War, until after the Battle of Stone River, has already been told in the sketch of H Battery.

Batteries H and M were separated immediately after that battle, M Battery retaining the four 3-in. guns, and at the same time increasing its armament by the addition of two 24-pdr. howitzers. It still remained with Grose’s Brigade, which became the Third Brigade of the Second Division of the Twenty-first Corps on the 9^th of January, 1863. Moving with its brigade the battery experienced all the discomforts of the Tullahoma campaign; and after that, at the battle of Chickamauga September 19 and 20, 1863, under Lieut. F. D. L. Russell, it fought in a distinguished manner, losing 8 men and 13 horses killed and wounded. When the Fourth Corps was recreated September 28, 1863, the Battery passed into it with Palmer’s Division and became part of the Artillery Brigade of the First Division of the Fourth Corps. It remained at Chattanooga until November, and was then sent with the First (Cruft’s) Brigade to guard the railroad bridge at Bridgeport, Alabama. By the following March it had become so reduced in horses that it was dismounted (turning in its guns and horses at Blue Springs, Tenn., March 19, 1864) and sent back to Nashville to refit. It there received four 12-pdr. guns March 30^th, and the necessary horses in May, and again became a light battery. In June it marched to Decatur; but soon after returning to Nashville by rail, it was assigned to the First Division of the Reserve Artillery of the Army of the Cumberland. In October its enlisted strength was increased by the transfer to it of the privates of F Battery of the regiment.

Half of the battery was attached to Croxton’s Brigade of Cavalry in October to operate along the Tennessee River, and was severely engaged near Pulaski October 22d, again on October 29^th, when Croxton was driven back by Hood, and at Shoal Creek November 4^th. The half batteries were reunited at Columbia the latter part of November. The battery was now attached to the artillery brigade of the Fourth Corps, and in Schofield’s operations in that vicinity it was placed in position on several occasions. It was heavily engaged at the battle of Franklin November 30^th, losing 9 men and a number of horses.

It fought in the battle of Nashville December 15^th and 16^th, and afterwards accompanied the artillery brigade in pursuit of the enemy. It then went into winter quarters at Pulaski, where it remained until the, latter part of January, 1865. Then proceeding to Huntsville it turned in its horses and moved to Bridgeport with its guns, where it took station in Fort Number One as part of the post artillery.

The following June while at Chattanooga it was mounted as a horse battery, but the War was over and it was soon after permanently dismounted.

Almost all of the field officers and captains, and some of the lieutenants were detached from the regiment and given higher commands during the War, E. O. C. Ord, A. P. Howe, Gustavus A. DeRussy and John Gibbon winning fame as commanders of high rank; while Charles H. Morgan, on the general staff of the Second Corps, proved himself to be a man of the most distinguished military attainments combined with indomitable energy. Morgan was promoted major under the Act of 1866, giving an additional major to each regiment.

By the fall of 1865 most of the batteries had been dismounted and the regiment was again performing garrison duty. Headquarters were at Fort M’Henry with batteries at that post, Forts Delaware, Washington, Foote, Monroe, Whipple, and in Washington City.

D Battery had been sent with its corps to Texas, but returned North and took station at Washington in February, 1866. B and K Batteries having made the most brilliant records in the War, were recommended by the colonel of the regiment to be retained as the two light batteries of the regiment. But the captain and one or more lieutenants of K being absent on detached service, this recommendation was not approved at the War Department in regard to that battery, and G, which had been one of the mounted batteries before the War, was retained as a light battery in its stead.

Light Battery B was sent to Leavenworth and G took station at Detroit.

The organization of a light battery under Orders No. 151, Series 1865, was 74 privates, 73 horses, 56 sabres (the drivers not being armed), and 8 revolvers for chiefs of pieces and caissons. One battery of each regiment was to be armed with 4 3-in. rifles and the other with 4 12-pdr. Napoleon guns.

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